航運(yùn)脫碳需要50億美元以開發(fā)更清潔燃料

    據(jù)ICIS網(wǎng)站11月18日消息 根據(jù)國(guó)際航運(yùn)協(xié)會(huì)（ICS）的數(shù)據(jù)，需要花費(fèi)50億美元的研發(fā)投資，以加快在工業(yè)規(guī)模上推廣航運(yùn)業(yè)脫碳所需的零碳燃料。

 

    在《推動(dòng)第四次推進(jìn)革命》的報(bào)告中，ICS提議設(shè)立一個(gè)50億美元的基金，由海洋燃料稅支付，并由國(guó)際海事組織（IMO）監(jiān)督，以進(jìn)行必要的研究，開發(fā)更清潔的海洋燃料。

 

    航運(yùn)業(yè)是一個(gè)污染嚴(yán)重的行業(yè)，硫仍然是占全球貨物貿(mào)易90%的一個(gè)行業(yè)的主要燃料。每天消耗原油達(dá)400萬(wàn)桶，占全球產(chǎn)量的4%，大約是沙特阿拉伯每日產(chǎn)量的三分之一。

 

    ICS表示，航運(yùn)業(yè)脫碳的唯一途徑是緊急采用以氨和氫等產(chǎn)品為基礎(chǔ)的燃料，并擴(kuò)大電氣的覆蓋范圍。

 

    這將是該行業(yè)減少導(dǎo)致氣候變化的溫室氣體（GHG）排放的唯一途徑。2015年簽署的聯(lián)合國(guó)主導(dǎo)的《巴黎協(xié)定》確立了目標(biāo)，與工業(yè)化前的水平相比，旨在到2100年將全球變暖控制在1.5攝氏度。

 

    ICS要求各國(guó)政府支持和資助國(guó)際海事研究與發(fā)展委員會(huì)的成立。否則，它們將面臨數(shù)萬(wàn)億美元的投資被錯(cuò)誤分配的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這使得該行業(yè)幾乎不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)脫碳。

 

    ICS秘書長(zhǎng)Guy Platten表示：“因此，我們敦促國(guó)際海事組織支持這項(xiàng)提案，這項(xiàng)提案將為航運(yùn)業(yè)和全球運(yùn)輸業(yè)帶來非常大的利益。”

 

    “金融挑戰(zhàn)的規(guī)模和技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)一樣大。在我們?yōu)榱闾嘉磥碓O(shè)定路線時(shí)，我們需要制定目標(biāo)和付諸行動(dòng)，以避免即將到來的金融冰山。”

 

    國(guó)際海事組織本周接受了這一挑戰(zhàn)。11月16日，國(guó)際海事組織秘書長(zhǎng)Kitack Lim在該組織的海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)委員會(huì)上表示，他期待著對(duì)該行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)提交的提案的審議。

 

    他說：“我意識(shí)到需要采取進(jìn)一步行動(dòng)，促進(jìn)清潔燃料和技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的更多研發(fā)。”

 

    王磊 摘譯自 ICIS

 

    原文如下：

 

    Shipping decarbonisation requires $5bn investments to develop cleaner fuels

 

    A vast amount of research and development (R&D) at a $5bn cost is required to speed up the roll-out at an industrial scale of zero carbon fuels necessary for the shipping industry’s decarbonisation, according to the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS).

 

    In its report Catalysing the Fourth Propulsion Revolution, the ICS proposed the creation of a $5bn fund, to be paid by a tax on marine fuels and overseen by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), to undertake the necessary research to develop cleaner marine fuels.

 

    The shipping industry is a heavy polluter, with sulphur still being a key fuel for a sector that accounts of 90% of the global trade in goods; it consumes 4m bbl/day of crude oil, or 4% of global production; to put it into context, that is roughly a third of Saudi Arabia's daily output.

 

    ICS said the only way for the shipping industry to decarbonise requires the urgent adoption of fuels based on products like ammonia and hydrogen, as well as a wider rollout of electrification.

 

    This would be the only way for the industry to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that cause climate change; the UN-led Paris Agreement signed in 2015 established targets aiming to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius by 2100, compared with pre-industrial levels.

 

    ICS asked governments to support and fund the creation of the International Maritime Research and Development Board; otherwise they would risk trillions of dollars of investment being misallocated, it said, making practically impossible for the sector to decarbonise.

 

    “We therefore urge the IMO to back the proposal, which will have such wide-ranging benefits for shipping, and the global transport sector more broadly,” said ICS’ secretary general, Guy Platten.

 

    “The scale of the financial challenge is as great as the technical challenge. We need certainty and action to avoid the approaching financial iceberg as we set course for a zero-carbon future.”

 

    The IMO took up on the challenge this week; addressing the organisation’s Marine Environment Protection Committee on 16 November, its secretary general Kitack Lim said he was “looking forward to the consideration” of the proposals submitted by the industry body.

 

    “[I am] Mindful of the need for further action to promote and facilitate more R&D in the area of clean fuels and technology,” said Lim.